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The 114th International Labour Conference in Geneva adopted ILO Convention No. 193 (Decent Work in the Platform Economy) on 12 June 2026 — the first binding international treaty setting a universal floor of rights for gig and platform workers.
India abstained from voting, citing its policy of ratifying ILO conventions only after domestic laws fully conform, reliance on its own Code on Social Security, 2020, and federalism concerns since labour is a Concurrent subject.
India's gig workforce (~7.7 million in 2020-21) is projected by NITI Aayog to reach 2.35 crore by 2029-30; only about 15% of gig workers currently have access to any social security.
The Convention introduces the world's first global standards on algorithmic management, requiring platforms to disclose automated decision-making and explain account deactivations in writing.
| Level | Framework | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Central | Code on Social Security, 2020 | Enforced Nov 2025; largely unoperationalised |
| Rajasthan | Platform-Based Gig Workers Act, 2023 | Welfare board, mandatory registration, transaction fee |
| Karnataka & Telangana | State Gig Worker Welfare Bills/Boards | Drafted, accident/health cover proposed |
GS Paper II/III > Labour Reforms, International Organisations
The use of automated systems to direct, monitor, and evaluate workers, now regulated for the first time under ILO Convention 193