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National Flag Day is observed on 22 July to mark the Constituent Assembly's formal adoption of the Tiranga on 22 July 1947.
The flag was first hoisted as the flag of independent India on 15 August 1947, less than a month after adoption.
The tricolour's design evolved over four decades, from Sister Nivedita's 1904-06 flag through Pingali Venkayya's 1921 version to the 1931 Congress tricolour.
Display and use of the National Flag is governed by the Flag Code of India, 2002.
Sister Nivedita designed an early flag featuring a lotus and a Vajra
The 'Kolkata Flag' was hoisted at Parsee Bagan Square, an early tricolour concept
Madam Bhikaji Cama unfurled a version of the flag in Stuttgart, Germany — its first appearance on foreign soil
The Home Rule Movement flag, associated with Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, appeared
Pingali Venkayya designed a new tricolour, later modified by Gandhi with the addition of white and the Charkha
The Indian National Congress adopted the saffron-white-green tricolour, the basis of today's flag
The Constituent Assembly adopted the current National Flag, replacing the Charkha with the Ashoka Chakra
The Tiranga was hoisted for the first time as the flag of independent India
The Flag Code of India, 2002 consolidates all laws, conventions and instructions on the display of the National Flag. It replaced earlier restrictions and, notably, extended the right to fly the flag on private premises to ordinary citizens, following a Supreme Court ruling.
Simple Analogy: It functions like a rulebook of etiquette for the flag — where, when and how it may be flown, and how it must be treated with respect.
GS Paper I > Modern Indian History / National Symbols
General Awareness > Important Days & National Symbols
The 24-spoke navy-blue wheel at the centre of the National Flag, which replaced the Charkha (spinning wheel) in the 1947 design