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The Nuclear Energy Mission aims to achieve 100 GWe of nuclear power generation capacity by 2047.
Parliament enacted the SHANTI Act, 2025, which opens the nuclear energy sector to private participation and grants statutory status to the AERB.
The Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) achieved its first criticality in April 2026, marking the entry into the second stage of India's nuclear programme.
To utilise natural uranium resources and produce plutonium as a byproduct.
Key: Successfully achieved; India has acquired complete expertise in design and operation of indigenous PHWRs.
To utilise plutonium (from Stage 1) to breed Uranium-233 from Thorium-232.
Key: Initiated with the 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam attaining first criticality in April 2026.
Large-scale utilisation of India's vast thorium reserves for long-term energy security.
Key: Currently in the R&D phase; involves the use of U-233 bred from Thorium. Includes development of Molten Salt Reactors (MSR).
India's premier nuclear research facility; developing SMRs (BSMR-200, SMR-55) and HTGCR.
Principal architect of the fast breeder reactor programme.
Regulatory body responsible for nuclear safety; granted statutory status under the SHANTI Act.
Public sector enterprise responsible for designing, constructing, and operating nuclear power plants.
Enacted to support the 100 GW target by 2047. Crucially, it opens the nuclear energy sector to private participation and establishes the AERB as an independent statutory body.
Governs the handling, treatment, storage, and disposal of nuclear waste.
Advanced nuclear reactors with a power capacity of up to 300 MW(e) per unit. Their modular nature allows factory fabrication and transport to the site, reducing construction time and costs.
Simple Analogy: Like building a house with prefabricated rooms rather than laying every brick on-site.
GS Paper 3 > Science and Technology
General Awareness > Science & Technology
The Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India Act, 2025.
The point at which a nuclear reactor is able to sustain a controlled, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.