A failure rate above a third in a routine surveillance exercise is unusually high, and it points to substitution having become the norm rather than the exception in parts of the catering trade. The consumer harm is twofold. Nutritionally, buyers of paneer are largely vegetarians relying on it as a primary protein source, and an analogue delivers substantially less of it. Commercially, the substitution is invisible at the point of sale — cooked into a gravy, an analogue is very difficult for a diner to detect — which makes disclosure rules the only practical safeguard. That two states have now resorted to outright prohibition rather than labelling enforcement suggests the disclosure requirement proved unenforceable on the ground. For exam purposes, this is a compact case study in the division of labour in Indian food regulation: FSSAI sets standards nationally under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, while enforcement, sampling and prohibition orders rest with state FDAs.