The achievement figures reward careful reading. Strengthening existing societies is running at about two-thirds of target - 31,394 of 46,422 - while forming new ones is at roughly a third, 24,097 of 75,000. That gap is exactly what you would expect: strengthening works with an institution that already exists, has members and a collection routine, whereas forming a new society in a village with no cooperative history requires organising farmers who have never sold collectively, and that is slow social work rather than administrative disbursement. The State figures make the same point from another angle. Maharashtra overshot its 2024-25 new-society target more than fivefold and then achieved only a third of a much larger 2025-26 target, which suggests the initial target was set well below available appetite and the revised one above it. Bihar's pattern is steadier and its numbers far larger, consistent with the stated priority of reaching areas the original White Revolution never covered - the eastern plains have among the country's largest cattle populations and among its thinnest cooperative networks. The circularity element is the genuinely new idea here. Creating a dedicated multi-state cooperative for cattle dung ties dairy to the compressed biogas and organic manure economy, which turns a disposal problem into a second income stream for the same household.