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Propylene is identified as a crucial raw material for pharmaceutical production, particularly for medicines like Ibuprofen.
It is a key input for manufacturing Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) and Isobutyl Benzene, which are intermediates in drug synthesis.
Geopolitical conflicts, such as war, significantly disrupt the global supply chain of these essential pharma inputs.
Such disruptions lead to increased costs of raw materials, consequently impacting the overall prices of medicines.
An Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) is the biologically active component of a drug that produces its intended therapeutic effect. Key Starting Materials (KSMs) are the basic raw materials or chemical compounds from which APIs are synthesized through a series of chemical reactions. Intermediates are compounds formed during the synthesis process between the KSM and the final API. The article highlights Propylene as a KSM, IPA and Isobutyl Benzene as intermediates, and Ibuprofen as an API.
Simple Analogy: If a cake is the final medicine (API), flour and sugar are the Key Starting Materials (KSMs), and the batter is an intermediate product.
The article underscores how geopolitical events (like war) disrupt global supply chains, leading to volatility in the availability and pricing of essential raw materials for industries such as pharmaceuticals.
India is a global leader in generic drug manufacturing but remains significantly dependent on imports for many Key Starting Materials (KSMs) and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), making its domestic industry vulnerable to international supply shocks and price fluctuations.
Increased costs of raw materials due to supply disruptions contribute to 'cost-push inflation' in the pharmaceutical sector, directly impacting medicine prices for consumers.
GS-III: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
General Science (Chemistry), Current Affairs.
General Awareness (Economy, Science & Technology).
General Science (Chemistry), Current Affairs.
General Science, Current Affairs.
In the context of recent advances in human reproductive technology, "Pronuclear Transfer" is used for
Answer: prevention of mitochondrial diseases in offspring
With reference to technologies for solar power production, consider the following statements: 1. 'Photovoltaics' is a technology that generates electricity by direct conversion of light into electricity, while 'Solar Thermal' is a technology that utilizes the Sun's rays to generate heat which is further used in electricity generation process. 2. Photovoltaics generates Alternating Current (AC), while Solar Thermal generates Direct Current (DC). 3. India has manufacturing base for Solar Thermal technology, but not for Photovoltaics. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: 1 only
With reference to Neem tree, consider the following statements: 1. Neem oil can be used as a pesticide to control the proliferation of some species of insects and mites. 2. Neem seeds are used in the manufacture of biofuels and hospital detergents. 3. Neem oil has applications in pharmaceutical industry. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: 1, 2 and 3
Medium (specific chemicals are less frequent, but pharma supply chain and economic impacts are recurring themes).
An unsaturated organic compound, a crucial petrochemical feedstock.
A secondary alcohol, widely used as a solvent, antiseptic, and intermediate in drug synthesis.
An organic compound serving as a key intermediate in the synthesis of Ibuprofen.
The biologically active component of a drug responsible for its therapeutic effect.
A basic raw material or chemical compound from which an API is synthesized.