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The National Disaster Management Plan (first issued 2016, revised 2019) lists Heat Wave among 17 major hazards; NDMA's Heat Wave guidelines (2016, revised 2019) drive State, District and City Heat Action Plans.
Nagar Van Yojana (2020-21 to 2026-27) targets 600 Nagar Vans and 400 Nagar Vatikas nationwide, funded through CAMPA, alongside AMRUT 2.0's urban parks/water-body development.
Under AMRUT Mitra, Women Self Help Groups undertake tree plantation and green-space maintenance; 'Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam' promotes citizen tree plantation as a tribute to mothers.
Prescribe a responsibility matrix for prevention, preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery across all major hazards
Key: First prepared 2016 (India's first such plan), revised 2019 to expand the hazard list to include Heat Wave
Enhance tree-cover-outside-forests, biodiversity and quality of urban life
Key: Funded via National CAMPA grants for fencing, plantation and maintenance; targets 600 Nagar Vans + 400 Nagar Vatikas over 2020-21 to 2026-27
Enhance urban climate resilience through parks, green spaces and water bodies
Key: AMRUT Mitra channels Women Self Help Groups into tree plantation and green-space maintenance
Reduce cooling demand and promote passive cooling in buildings
Key: Implemented via the Energy Conservation and Sustainable Building Code (ECSBC) for commercial, office and residential buildings
Issues national Heat Wave Action Plan guidelines and oversees the NDMP
Prepare and implement State, District and City Heat Action Plans under NDMA guidelines
Built-up urban areas trap and retain more heat than surrounding rural areas due to concrete, reduced green cover and poor ventilation, raising local temperatures. NDMA's Heat Wave guidelines recommend mitigation through enhanced green cover, cool roofs, cool pavements, preserved water bodies and improved ventilation corridors integrated into urban planning.
Simple Analogy: A city acts like a stone oven that keeps radiating stored heat long after the sun sets, while a green, water-rich landscape cools down quickly — like the difference between a paved courtyard and a garden after dusk.
GS Paper 3 > Disaster Management > Heat Wave Preparedness and Urban Climate Resilience
Recurs every summer heatwave season and after Parliament sessions on disaster preparedness
The phenomenon where urban areas experience significantly higher temperatures than their rural surroundings due to human activities and built infrastructure
National Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority — manages funds collected for compensatory afforestation