The Union Health Ministry has urged people to monitor alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels as an early indicator of liver injury.
ALT, also known as serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), is an enzyme found predominantly inside liver cells.
It plays a role in amino acid metabolism, breaking down amino acids to produce energy.
When liver cells are damaged by inflammation, infection or injury, the enzyme leaks into the bloodstream.
Elevated ALT in a blood test is therefore a signal of possible liver injury or disease.
ALT normally sits inside liver cells, doing its work of amino acid metabolism within the cell membrane. Very little of it circulates in the blood under healthy conditions. When liver cells are inflamed, infected or injured, their membranes become leaky or rupture, and the enzyme spills into the bloodstream. A blood test therefore detects raised ALT not because the body is producing more of it, but because damaged cells are releasing what they already held. This is why ALT is a sensitive early marker: leakage begins well before the liver's overall function is impaired enough to produce visible symptoms such as jaundice.
Simple Analogy: It works like finding water on the floor outside a tank. The water was always inside; its appearance outside tells you the tank has sprung a leak.
General Awareness > Biology and Current Affairs
GS Paper 2 > Issues Relating to Health; GS Paper 3 > Science and Technology
Which one of the following statements is not correct?
Answer: Hepatitis B, unlike Hepatitis C, does not have a vaccine.
An enzyme found mainly in liver cells, involved in amino acid metabolism; raised blood levels suggest liver injury.
Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, the older name for ALT.
A panel of blood tests, including ALT, used to assess the health and functioning of the liver.
A protein that catalyses a specific biochemical reaction in the body.