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Oil Marketing Companies conducted nationwide intensive testing across the entire E20 petrol supply chain after media reports alleging moisture and high chloride content.
Claims of 500 ppm chloride and the presence of moisture were not validated: chloride at refineries was at or below 1 ppm, and retail outlet samples ranged from 0 to 3 ppm.
Around 90,000 retail outlets began mandatory inspection of underground storage tanks 8 to 12 times daily, with no water ingress detected.
To blend ethanol with petrol so as to cut crude oil imports, reduce emissions and give sugarcane and grain producers an additional market
Key: E20 denotes petrol blended with 20% ethanol; the blended fuel is officially referred to as Ethanol Blended Motor Spirit (EBMS)
To set out the path to 20% blending, with year-wise targets for ethanol production and supply, compliant vehicles and regulatory simplification
Key: Prepared by an expert committee and released by NITI Aayog in June 2021; the blending deadline had been advanced to 2025 in December 2020
To make E20 fuel available across the country
Key: E20 was introduced in a phased manner from April 2023, and India reached 20% average blending in 2025 — five years ahead of the original 2030 target
GS Paper 3 > Infrastructure — energy; Environment — renewable energy and biofuels
General Awareness > Energy and government programmes
General Awareness > Energy economy and import substitution
General Awareness > Science and energy
Petrol blended with 20% ethanol by volume; officially referred to as Ethanol Blended Motor Spirit (EBMS).
The accounting year used for ethanol supply to oil marketing companies, against which blending percentages are reported.
Parts per million, the unit in which trace contaminants such as chloride are measured in fuel.
Tending to absorb moisture from the surrounding air — the property of ethanol that makes water ingress a specific concern in blended fuel.