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In a written reply in the Lok Sabha, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change stated that the Green India Mission has brought 1,84,467 hectares under eco-restoration across 17 States and one Union Territory since 2015-16.
Madhya Pradesh recorded the largest area at 32,831 hectares, followed by Chhattisgarh (22,601 ha), Odisha (20,711 ha), Mizoram (19,643 ha) and Manipur (17,488 ha).
Rs 57.08 crore has been allocated under the Mission in FY 2026-27 so far to seven States — Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Sikkim and Uttar Pradesh.
The Ministry is also running the Nagar Van Yojana to develop 600 Nagar Vans and 400 Nagar Vatikas between 2020-21 and 2026-27, funded from the National Authority CAMPA on the basis of approved State proposals.
Plantations are executed through Joint Forest Management Committees, Village Forest Committees and Self-Help Groups, and monitored through geo-tagging, GIS mapping, .kml files, third-party monitoring and, where States use them, drones.
Restore degraded forest and non-forest landscapes through an integrated landscape approach, and improve ecosystem services including biodiversity, hydrological services and carbon sequestration
Key: One of the missions under the NAPCC; the mission document sets out increasing forest/tree cover on 5 million hectares and improving quality of forest cover on another 5 million hectares, with implementation on the ground since 2015-16 through State Forest Departments and local institutions
Create urban forests and urban green spaces to improve air quality, micro-climate and urban biodiversity
Key: Launched in 2020 by MoEFCC; the current target stated by the Ministry is 600 Nagar Vans and 400 Nagar Vatikas during 2020-21 to 2026-27, funded from the National Fund of the National Authority CAMPA on the basis of approved State proposals
Use money collected from users who divert forest land to non-forest use for afforestation, regeneration and forest infrastructure
Key: Given statutory shape by the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016, which set up the National Compensatory Afforestation Fund and State Funds along with the National Authority and State Authorities; the National Authority CAMPA is the funding route for Nagar Van Yojana
India's overarching domestic climate framework, released in 2008, delivered through national missions
Key: The eight original missions are the National Solar Mission, National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, National Mission on Sustainable Habitat, National Water Mission, National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem, Green India Mission, National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture, and National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change
Assesses the country's forest cover every two years using satellite remote sensing with ground verification and publishes the India State of Forest Report; also supports GIM monitoring
The biennial national assessment of forest and tree cover, published by FSI since 1987; the ISFR 2023 was the 18th edition and put total forest and tree cover at 8,27,356.95 sq km, or 25.17% of the geographical area — forest cover 7,15,342.61 sq km (21.76%) and tree cover 1,12,014.34 sq km (3.41%)
Manages the National Compensatory Afforestation Fund and releases money to States; the funding channel for Nagar Van Yojana
Village-level institutions that carry out plantation, maintenance, nursery raising and allied livelihood activities under GIM's approved Annual Plan of Operation, alongside Self-Help Groups
Created the statutory National and State Compensatory Afforestation Funds and the corresponding Authorities; the National Authority CAMPA funds Nagar Van Yojana under it
The guiding policy for maintaining environmental stability, restoring ecological balance and raising forest and tree cover through afforestation and regeneration with native species
The Directive Principle requiring the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife, and the Fundamental Duty of every citizen to do the same
Forests and protection of wild animals and birds were moved from the State List to the Concurrent List by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, which is why the Centre runs missions like GIM while States execute them
GIM plantations are geo-tagged, GIS-mapped and recorded through .kml files with third-party monitoring and drone verification where States use it — the same remote-sensing shift that lets FSI produce biennial forest cover estimates
The JFMC/VFC route used by GIM traces back to the 1990 Joint Forest Management framework, which made village communities partners in protecting and regenerating degraded forest in return for a share of usufruct
Nagar Van Yojana is the urban counterpart of GIM's landscape restoration, targeting air quality and micro-climate in cities rather than forest landscapes
GS Paper 3 > Environment > Conservation, Climate Change and India's Commitments
General Awareness > Environment and Government Schemes
General Awareness > Environment
Afforestation schemes, NAPCC missions and ISFR figures recur almost every Prelims cycle
Assisted recovery of a degraded ecosystem, in GIM's case through plantation and landscape treatment measured in hectares
Urban forest and smaller urban green space created under the Nagar Van Yojana; the Ministry's stated target is 600 Nagar Vans and 400 Nagar Vatikas during 2020-21 to 2026-27
The approved yearly work plan under which GIM plantation and maintenance activity is executed through local institutions
A global effort to bring degraded and deforested land into restoration; India's commitment is 26 million hectares by 2030