The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Kolkata, completed India's first comprehensive Catalogue of Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) on 30 July 2026, after 12 years of work, listing 13,703 species.

The species span 3,705 genera, 240 subfamilies, 102 families, and 31 superfamilies — about 8.25% of all known Lepidoptera species worldwide.

The catalogue's final volume (of 22 total) was published in the international journal Zootaxa, resolving taxonomic ambiguities for 1,689 previously unclear species.

India recorded 2,205 species in the moth superfamily Geometroidea alone — about 8.80% of the global total — highlighting India's global significance for nocturnal pollinators.