Bhupender Yadav framed tiger landscapes as natural capital — assets that deliver services such as water security, climate regulation and carbon sequestration, alongside the biodiversity they hold. That framing is the substance of this event, not the ceremony. It explains why a development bank is a co-organiser: if a forest landscape produces measurable ecosystem services, the cost of protecting it can be treated as an investment with a return rather than as pure expenditure, and financing instruments can be designed around it. It also explains the emphasis on livelihoods. Landscape conservation succeeds or fails on whether the communities living inside the mosaic have a stake in it, which is why bioeconomy and ecotourism sit in the workshop title beside conservation. For an answer on conservation policy, the useful line is that India has moved from a reserve-centric model built in 1973 to a landscape-and-livelihood model, and that the IBCA is the instrument by which it is trying to export that approach to other big-cat range states.