• ●NHRC is a statutory (not constitutional) body set up on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993; headquarters New Delhi.
• ●Suo motu cognizance means the Commission acts on its own motion, without any complaint being filed before it.
• ●Composition: a chairperson plus five full-time members, and seven ex-officio members — the chairpersons of the NCSC, NCST, NCW, NCBC, NCPCR and the Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities.
• ●The Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019 allowed a Judge of the Supreme Court (not only a former CJI) to chair the Commission and cut the tenure of the chairperson and members from five years to three, with reappointment allowed.
• ●Chairperson as of September 2026: Justice V. Ramasubramanian.
• ●NHRC's findings are recommendatory — it advises governments and may approach the Supreme Court or a High Court, but cannot itself enforce compensation or punishment.
• ●Section 36 bars inquiry into a matter more than one year after the alleged violation; Section 19 limits its powers over the armed forces.
• ●Sections 21-29 of the Act let each State constitute a State Human Rights Commission, headed by a former Chief Justice or Judge of a High Court.
• ●The Paris Principles — minimum standards for national human rights institutions — were endorsed by UN General Assembly Resolution 48/134 of 20 December 1993; India's NHRC holds 'A' status accreditation from GANHRI.

The tenure of the chairperson and members of the National Human Rights Commission was reduced from five years to three years by which legislation?