• ●NPPCF (National Programme for Prevention and Control of Fluorosis) was started by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare in the 11th Five Year Plan (2008-09); from the 12th Plan it runs under the NCD flexi-pool of the National Health Mission.
• ●Programme components: surveillance of fluoride-affected areas, capacity building, health education, early diagnosis and case management, plus inter-sectoral action on excessive fluoride exposure.
• ●Coverage grew from 100 districts in 17 States in the 11th Plan and 32 more in the 12th Plan, to 157 districts across 19 States/UTs as listed by MoHFW.
• ●Fluorosis takes three forms — dental (mottled, discoloured enamel), skeletal (bone and joint pain, stiffness, deformity) and non-skeletal — all caused by chronic excess fluoride intake, mainly through drinking water.
• ●BIS drinking water standard IS 10500:2012 sets fluoride at an acceptable limit of 1.0 mg/litre, with 1.5 mg/litre permissible only where no alternate source exists.
• ●Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) is the technical arm of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, and convened this workshop; Dr. Puspa Lata, Addl. DG, DGHS, opened the inaugural session.
• ●Jal Jeevan Mission (launched 15 August 2019, Ministry of Jal Shakti) supplies tap water to rural households and is the main convergence route for replacing high-fluoride sources.
• ●Stakeholders present: Ministry of Jal Shakti, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, AIIMS, National Dental Commission and State Nodal Officers.

Which national health programme, begun in the 11th Five Year Plan and now financed through the NCD flexi-pool of the National Health Mission, targets a disease caused by excess fluoride in drinking water?