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Iran is reportedly set to receive its first shipment of Chinese-made shoulder-fired air-defence missiles (MANPADS) within weeks in 2026.
The reported deal covers 300-400 QW-12 and FN-16 systems, valued at about US$60-70 million, via Hong Kong-based intermediary Zhongqing Baoshang International Investment.
China's Foreign Ministry denied the reports on 29 July 2026; Pakistan has denied involvement in any transfer route through its territory.
In May 2026, the US had sanctioned three Chinese companies for allegedly providing geospatial intelligence to Iran.
Short-range, shoulder-launched surface-to-air missile systems designed to be operated by a single soldier or small team against low-flying aircraft, helicopters, and drones, typically using infrared or other seeker technologies.
Simple Analogy: A portable, one-person anti-aircraft weapon small enough to carry on the shoulder.
GS Paper II/III > International Relations & Defence
Defence GK > Weapon Systems
Man-Portable Air Defence Systems — shoulder-launched, short-range surface-to-air missiles