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Government data shows India's ocean observation network now has 19 subsurface moorings, an Indian Tsunami Early Warning System (ITEWS) with 17 seismic stations, 7 deep-ocean buoys and 36 tide gauges, plus INCOIS's own buoy/ADCP/AWS network
302 Argo profiling floats deployed between 2014 and 2025, alongside 12 deep-sea gliders, 45 drifting buoys and 64 wave drifters — feeding models that have improved wave-forecast accuracy by about 43% since 2014
Tsunami advisories are now issued within a 10-minute window of a tsunamigenic earthquake, meeting international standards; a new buoy off Mauritius improves prediction of Southern Ocean swells reaching the Indian coast
Operates ocean observation, tsunami warning and forecast systems
Detects tsunamigenic earthquakes and issues advisories within 10 minutes
Autonomous instruments that drift with ocean currents, periodically diving to about 2,000m and rising back to the surface while measuring temperature and salinity, then transmitting the data via satellite. Part of the international Argo programme launched in 2000 by the IOC and WMO; the global array reached its target of about 3,000 active floats by 2007.
Simple Analogy: Like a weather balloon, but it drifts underwater measuring ocean conditions instead of the atmosphere.
Directly led to the creation of ITEWS at INCOIS in 2007
India's 302 floats are part of a global array of roughly 3,000-4,000 active Argo floats contributed by ~30 countries
Ocean observation data is assimilated into the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and Coupled Forecast System feeding IMD's cyclone and monsoon models
GS Paper 3 > Science & Technology / Disaster Management > Early Warning Systems
Recurring Parliament-reply topic; Earth-sciences infrastructure is a steady GS3 theme
An autonomous profiling instrument measuring ocean temperature and salinity to ~2,000m depth, part of the global Argo programme
Exclusive Economic Zone — the maritime zone up to 200 nautical miles from the coast where India has resource rights
Indian Tsunami Early Warning System, operated by INCOIS since 2007