Depalpur in Madhya Pradesh has become the first city under the Swachh Shehar Jodi initiative to achieve Zero Legacy Waste status, remediating 1,250 metric tonnes of waste accumulated at its dumpsite over five years.
The work was done by Depalpur Nagar Parishad with the Indore Municipal Corporation as mentor city, under the Each One Teach One model of Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0.
About 4.5 tonnes of plastic, metal and glass were sent to authorised recyclers, and 50 to 60 tonnes of Refuse Derived Fuel went to the NEPRA plant in Indore and onward to cement factories for co-processing.
The town reached 100 per cent door-to-door collection with four-bin segregation, and around 2.2 acres of reclaimed dumpsite land is being converted into a green public space beginning with 200 saplings.
Legacy waste is old municipal solid waste that has been dumped and left in place for years, usually in an unlined open dumpsite. It is not fresh garbage: over time the organic fraction decomposes into a soil-like material while plastics, metals, glass, cloth and inert construction debris remain mixed through it. Remediating it means excavating the heap and running it through screens that separate the fractions - the soil-like material can be used for landfilling low-lying areas or horticulture, the plastic and cloth fraction becomes Refuse Derived Fuel, and the metals and glass go to recyclers. This process is called biomining, and it is the standard technique prescribed under Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0 for clearing dumpsites. Its value is not only the waste removed but the land recovered - Depalpur got back about 2.2 acres.
Simple Analogy: Think of a decades-old dumpsite as a compost heap that someone kept throwing bottles and plastic bags into. Biomining is sieving the whole heap: the earth goes back to the ground, the bottles go to a recycler, and the plastic goes to a furnace as fuel.
Make all cities garbage-free, with full remediation of legacy dumpsites and scientific processing of all municipal solid waste
Key: Launched in 2021 for a five-year period by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, it moved the mission's focus from toilet construction in the first phase to solid and liquid waste management
Pair a high-performing mentor city with a mentee city so that waste-management practice is transferred directly rather than through guidelines
Key: Launched during Swachhata Hi Seva 2025, it links 72 mentor cities with 200 mentee cities and has generated over 1,600 activities in the urban waste sector; it works on an Each One Teach One model
Annual cleanliness ranking of urban local bodies, used as the competitive spur behind the mission
Key: Indore was named India's cleanest city for the eighth consecutive time in Swachh Survekshan 2024-25 and was moved into the newly created Super Swachh League category alongside Surat, Navi Mumbai and Vijayawada
GS Paper 3 > Environment > Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation; GS Paper 2 > Government policies and interventions, urban local bodies
General Awareness > Government schemes > Swachh Bharat Mission
General Awareness > Current Affairs and schemes
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Municipal solid waste that has lain untreated at a dumpsite for years, in which the organic fraction has decomposed and the rest remains mixed
Excavating and screening an old dumpsite to separate soil-like material, recyclables and combustibles, thereby clearing the site and recovering the land
The high-calorific combustible fraction of waste - largely plastic, cloth and paper - processed into a fuel used in cement kilns and power plants
Using waste-derived fuel in an industrial furnace such as a cement kiln, where it replaces conventional fuel and its ash is absorbed into the product
The Swachh Shehar Jodi model in which a high-performing mentor city transfers practice directly to a mentee city
A municipal council, the tier of urban local body for a smaller town, below a Municipal Corporation