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Indian Railways approved Rs 170 crore on 1 September 2026 to deploy Kavach Version 4.0 across the remaining 712 route kilometres of Northern Railway's Moradabad Division.
Kavach is an indigenous Automatic Train Protection system that applies brakes automatically to prevent Signal Passing at Danger and to enforce speed limits.
Version 4.0 adds a direct interface with Electronic Interlocking, station-to-station communication over optical fibre and better location accuracy.
As of 31 July 2026, Kavach 4.0 had been commissioned across 2,633 route km, including 1,423 route km on Delhi-Mumbai and 1,210 route km on Delhi-Howrah.
Two other sanctions were announced alongside: Rs 233 crore for electronic interlocking at 21 stations in Samastipur Division and Rs 272 crore for an Adra-Joychandipahar bypass line.
A signal at danger is a red aspect that a train must not pass. When a loco pilot misreads it, is distracted or misjudges braking distance, the train goes through - a Signal Passing at Danger, or SPAD, which is the single largest cause of head-on and rear-end collisions worldwide. An Automatic Train Protection system removes the dependence on the driver alone: trackside equipment continuously tells the on-board unit where the train is and what speed is permitted, and the system brakes automatically if the train is going too fast for the signal ahead. Kavach does this using RFID tags along the track for position reference and radio links for train-to-train and station-to-train communication.
Simple Analogy: It is the difference between a speed-limit sign and a car that brakes for you when you ignore it.
General Awareness > Indian Railways and Current Affairs
General Awareness > Science and Technology / Infrastructure
GS Paper 3 > Infrastructure and Indigenous Technology Development
General Awareness > Current Affairs
According to the Indian Railways (2019-2020), which state has the largest railway track in India?
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider the following statements: 1. The decomposition of human waste in the bio-toilets is initiated by a fungal inoculum. 2. Ammonia and water vapour are the only end products in this decomposition which are released into the atmosphere. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: Neither 1 nor 2
India's indigenous Automatic Train Protection system, adopted as the national ATP standard in 2020
Signal Passing at Danger - a train passing a red signal, the principal collision risk in railway operations
A computer-based signalling system that controls points and signals through logic rather than mechanical linkages
Safety Integrity Level 4, the highest safety integrity classification for railway signalling equipment