Acanthosaura syrax, the Syrax mountain horned dragon, is a newly described lizard from Mae Wong National Park, Thailand.
It was published in the taxonomy journal ZooKeys on August 2, 2026.
It is the 23rd recognised member of the genus Acanthosaura, in the family Agamidae.
It was confirmed as a distinct lineage through DNA analysis of the ND2 and COI mitochondrial genes.
The name comes from Syrax, a yellow dragon in the television series House of the Dragon, chosen for the lizard's colouring.
Modern species descriptions combine physical characters with genetic data. Here the physical markers were the smallest neck and back crest scales recorded in the genus, the absence of a black eye patch, and a yellowish-green body colour. The molecular evidence came from the mitochondrial genes ND2 and COI — COI in particular is the standard marker for DNA barcoding in animals. A genetic distance of 14-28% from its nearest relatives is far beyond normal within-species variation, which is what establishes it as a separate lineage rather than a local variant.
Simple Analogy: Looks tell you two individuals might be different; the genetics confirm they belong to different family trees.
General Awareness > Environment and Species in News
GS Paper III > Environment > Biodiversity
Identifying species using a short standardised gene sequence, commonly the mitochondrial COI gene in animals.
A family of lizards including agamids and dragon lizards, distributed across Asia, Africa and Australia.
A peer-reviewed open-access journal publishing zoological taxonomy and systematics.