The vulnerability CMAS addresses is specific and easy to miss. India can expand its ports, deepen its channels and improve its turnaround times, and none of it helps an exporter who has cargo but no box to ship it in. Importing nearly 2 million empty containers a year means the physical availability of India's export capacity is set by a supply chain the country does not control — and global disruption in recent years has shown how quickly that becomes binding, with UNCTAD noting that geopolitical tension, route changes and supply-chain shocks have driven freight-rate volatility. The second reason is value capture: an imported container is an import, priced by manufacturers concentrated in a few countries. Building the capacity domestically converts a recurring outflow into industrial activity, with the ancillary chain — corner castings, wooden flooring frames, corten steel — attaching to it.